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National Catholic Weekly Review

Like thel ut Which Guided the Magi eee Vol. XCVII No. 9 Whole Number 2507

| | Ta le CONTENTS Correspondence ~....\.005...5..5. 278 Eor Cement “comment? <2. 66.05 hi. se ves 274 mp oO Washington Front . . - Wilfrid Parsons 277 long RICTSCORIO IS ..o.5. 55 5 5. Ss odere's. 6 3 C.K. 277 grat | Re rte ote SL eenerareniete 278 nun Articles of a NODL States Its Case.......3... 280 pe Msgr. Thomas J. Fitzgerald only PAE CONOVER os oso 5 ce ale esis + oss 283 ee Richard M. McKeon expe Choice for Children ............ 284 Buff Ethna Sheehan aa SIR SUIOWG 5 ois. 5 OS She ios ee o-e 287° “Be The Word. .Vincent P. McCorry, S.J. 289 r Televison... ss 2500s J. P. Shanley 290 a Films ................Motra Walsh 299 com America-Edited and published by the fol- read lowing Jesuit Fathers of the United States: quant Editor-in-Chief: THurston N. Davis ae Managing Editor: Evcene K. Cutnanz © ¥ Literary Editor: Harotp C. Garpiner | ‘ Feature Editor: CHARLES KEENAN | 2 ia Associate Editors: ude Joun LaFarce, BENJAMIN L. MaAssg, re 1K : Vincent S. Kearney, Ropert A. GRAHAM, || ; a Nei G. McCiuskey ; _— Corresponding Editors — WasSHINGTON: WILFRID olies Parsons, Horacio pE La Costa, JAMES L. V1zzarp; S intim Boston: Ropert F. Drinan; Detroit: ALLAN P. I per: a .¢ FARRELL; Mosire: Patrick H. Yancey; New 4 grossl

“eo ys OrLeans: Harotp L. Cooper; NEw York: Viv- cent P. McCorry; San Francisco: Ricuarp E.

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Correspondence

Taxes and Children

Epiror: Sen. Richard L. Neuberger in his timely article “Family Allowances” (Am. 5/11) recognizes that the United States has long ago established the basic principle of granting indirect aid to families with large numbers of children through the allowance of additional exemptions under the Federal income-tax law. Congress, however, has only paid lip service to this principle: wit- ness the limitation on medical and dental expenses.

Epwarp J, BuRKE Buffalo, N. Y.

“Baby Doll's” Failure

Eprror: As one who has done a fair amount of writing on the movie business, I feel I cannot let you get away with your mis- reading of the Variety story, which you quote in your editorial for May 18 (p. 222). It is utterly false and illogical to argue that Baby Doll's failure to gain its normal num- ber of play dates can be traced to public opinion. The picture’s inability to obtain play dates had nothing to do with public opinion nor with people staying away from the theatres. This issue was never raised, because economic threats brought by Cath- olics on theatre owners across the nation intimidated them into canceling the picture. I personally feel such economic pressure is grossly unethical and disgraceful.

Tuomas J. FLEMING New York, N. Y.

Women in the Parish

Eprror: Fr. Fichter’s thesis seems one- sided in laying responsibility for the prob- lem squarely at the door of the educated Catholic laity. The causes are surely more complex. .. . From where I sit the differ- ence seems to lie in the kind of leadership exerted by the pastor. .

Need the laity be confined to quiet atten- tion from the pews while the challenging jobs are reserved to the priests and Sisters? Need the pastor be so inarticulate about work that can be done by the laity?

Epwarp C. HAaroip Balboa, Canal Zone

Epiror: Let me speak for my Catholic college graduate friends. Most of them are rearing large families by heroic self-sacri- fice. Through their families they are very active in parent organizations in the parish, as well as in the Christian Family Move-

America ¢ JUNE 1, 1957

ment . . . and are giving generously of themselves to the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine.

Briefly, my Catholic college classmates are most loyal to their parishes. I would like to"point out to Father Fichter that the duties of their state in life weigh quite heavily on these young women. They must strike a happy balance between apostolicity and the duties of their state, which are, after all, the means by which they are working out their salvation.

KATHERINE KEELY San Francisco, Calif.

Eprror: As students of a Catholic univer- sity . . . we feel that one essential over- looked factor requires comment: the recep- tion which an educated Catholic woman meets in many parishes. . . . Her enthusi- asm and new ideas are branded, perhaps without trial, as disrespectful of established methods and customs... .

RosE CZARNEWICZ

MarGARET MCANANLY Brooklyn, N. Y.

Epitor: It seems to me that Fr. Fichter brushes off much too lightly the contribu- tions made by college alumnae to national, diocesan and other non-parochial organiza-

tions: the NCCW, Legion of Decency, day nurseries, alumnae societies, etc. .. .

Many priests expect lay committees to be so many rubber stamps for the pastor’s ideas and his only. . . . The freedom of a chairman to run an affair or a committee as he or she thinks best is one of the appeals of non-parochial organizations for Catholic college graduates. .

(Miss) Mary Pauta Woops

Bloomfield, N. J.

Eprror: We do have a duty to the parish, but I believe that educated Catholics can also serve their Church by participation in nonsectarian groups.

(Mrs.) Macpa BoyLan Falls Church, Va.

Epitor: While it’s laudable for a woman of culture and training to use her gifts in study clubs, PTA, etc., she may wonder at times whether or not she is laying up any heavenly treasure by these good works with their great natural rewards—stimulation, applause, satisfaction. Intellectual pride may steal all her treasure.

Her chances of escaping Old Nick are a little greater if she follows Fr. Fichter’s excellent suggestion of consoling an aged parishioner with a trip to the movies, for instance. But even here she'll often find it so much fun to see faded eyes light up at the unprecedented thrill of a little expedi- tion that again her ego will get a boost quite out of proportion to her small “sacri- fice.” EveLyn O’GaraA Chicago, III.

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Current Comment

Help for the Poles

Over the unyielding opposition of Sen. William F. Knowland, GOP minor- ity leader, the Administration has de- cided to risk $100 million on the shaky Gomulka regime in Poland. All that is needed to complete the deal is congres- sional approval of additional funds to carry out the surplus commodity dispos- al law, Poland will get badly needed wheat, cotton, fats and some farm ma- chinery.

This is, of course, an even bigger gamble than the aid-to-Tito program. Despite its hopeful show of indepen- dence last fall, Poland is still in the Soviet orbit. The Red Army remains on its soil. Its Government is as Com- munistic as Tito’s. Our aid could con- ceivably bolster the Soviet bloc, by re- lieving, for instance, some of the econ- omic pressure on Russia, or by enabling the Gomulka regime to divert more of its scanty resources to armaments.

On the other hand, as Sen. John F. Kennedy told an Omaha audience on May 17, if we deny the aid Gomulka seeks, we may force him to choose be- tween hopeless revolt and abject return to the suffocating embrace of the Krem- lin. “If we fail to help the Poles,” he warned, “who else in Germany, Czecho- slovakia or anywhere behind the Iron Curtain will dare stand up to the Rus- sians and look westward?”

Though aware of the risks, we are now persuaded, with Senator Kennedy, that the gamble ought to be taken. This is also the position of most Polish lead- ers in this country, who, it scarcely needs saying, concede nothing to Senator Knowland in their hatred and distrust of communism,

Fair Play for NODL

The National Office for Decent Litera- ture is currently under concerted attack. It is hoped that Msgr. Fitzgerald’s ar- ticle this week (p. 280) will serve to clear the air. What Msgr. Fitzgerald states in our columns clarifies the posi-

274

tion of NODL. We trust that from here on it will be impossible for any fair- minded individual or group to accuse NODL of policies or practices that are “undemocratic” or “un-American.”

As a matter of fact, NODL’s policies and practices have been known for some time by those who still continue the barrage of criticism. The Publishers’ Weekly for May 20 runs an interview with Msgr. Fitzgerald and carries an editorial, “NODL: Does It Recognize Its Responsibility?” Most of the ques- tions asked in the editorial have already been answered in the interview. If the writer of the editorial had read page 13 of his own PW, he would have seen that Msgr. Fitzgerald had made quite clear the position of NODL on the question, “Do you approve the use of the NODL list by law-enforcement agencies?”

PW comes out flatly against any “self- censorship by publishers.” It says it can “imagine few things worse.” But have publishers no responsibility for the moral climate in which American children grow up? PW’s assumption seems to be that publishers and distributors have no such civic duty either to control them- selves or to submit to outside public opinion.

NODL’s statement in our columns is both a public recognition of responsibil- ity and a claim to freedom of civic ac- tion. We would welcome in PW a similar recognition of responsibility by the publishing industry.

Hand for a TV Program

The National Council of Catholic Men brought to a close on May 26 a notable cycle of five TV programs devoted to marriage and the family. This NBC “Catholic Hour” presentation fully de- served the laurels that have been awarded it.

Script-writer Robert Crean, producer Richard J. Walsh, actors, technicians and all concerned turned in a profession- al job. The message of the sublimity of Christian marriage came across very naturally, unmarred by any tone of

preachment. The series was a tonic re- minder of God’s designs for family life. And the reminder applied not only to a world that has largely forgotten what marriage is all about; it applied, too, to Catholic families whose ideals may have become tarnished by the years.

The very fact that our faith is so photogenic causes us at times to bewail the paucity of nation-wide TV programs that could bring to the whole country the beauty of the Mass, of the sacra- ments, of Catholic doctrine. Before the potential bewailers let loose, however, let them consider the work of the NCCM. The “Catholic Hour” has met the challenges of the TV age. Far from resting on its laurels, it is already plan- ning for a stimulating series for this fall, when Paul Horgan’s script of “Profile of Rome” will be televised.

Every Catholic in the country who owns a TV set owes it to himself to look forward to the “Catholic Hour.” Such planning of TV fare will not only sup- port the work of the NCCM; it will assure worth-while entertainment and instruction.

... and a TV Space Priest

All the good Catholic TV fare, how- ever, is not on the national hookups. One splendid local attraction can be viewed each Friday at 4:50 P.M. over St. Louis’ KWK-TV. It is “Guided Mis- sals,” a children’s program which fea- tures Father Chi-Rho, the only ordained space chaplain in the broad State of Missouri or throughout the entire strato- sphere, for that matter.

When Father Chi-Rho isn’t cruising through space with one eye on his elec: tronic spacescope and another on the dial of his turbo-encabulator, he is Rev. Francis J. Matthews of the Archdiocese of St, Louis, director of the Catholic Radio and Television Apostolate of that

Community Copies

To those members of religious communities who were asked to share their copies of AMERICA last week our sincere thanks for your cooperation. An automation error gave our mailer one of those night- mares of his business—a_ short count, Eprror

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city. But every Friday afternoon, come ten-to-five, on goes the space cassock and Father Matthews goes flying off in his guided missal!

Why such a program? The Apostolate explains: “To excite and delight chil- dren, and to remind them of their de- pendence on God, the source of all the wonderful things they see on the pro- gram.”

Incidentally, you oldsters, “Chi-Rho” isn’t just any old space name. It is the ancient Christian monogram, the first two letters (XP) of the Greek Khristos (Christ). The Emperor Constantine had it affixed to the standard carried before him into battle.

We wish Father Chi-Rho a bon voy- age to outer space and back, and we hope he will soon have many imitators. In the world of TV there are no substi- tutes for imagination and daring. Father Chi-Rho has the right amount of both.

Anti-Capitalist Labor Code

In his desperate strivings to remain as president of the Teamsters, Dave Beck has stolen a leaf from the piquant book of Defense Secretary Charles E. Wilson.

Just as Mr. Wilson once announced that what was good for General Motors was good for the country, so Mr. Beck has been telling his colleagues that what is profitable to Beck is also profitable to the Teamsters. Sure, Mr. Beck made a little money for himself, but he made even more for the union. Just look at the record, he blusters. Aren’t the Team- sters worth $9 million more today than they were five years ago when Beck succeeded Dan Tobin as president?

The answer is yes, the Teamsters are worth $9 million more, and Mr. Beck’s capitalistic approach to union finances is largely responsible for the gain, But this answer leaves the AFL-CIO leader- ship, as well as many Teamster officials, completely cold and unconvinced.

Last week, as if to cut the ground from under Mr. Beck, the AFL-CIO executive council announced its formal approval of a fine new code on union finances that bans profit-seeking as a legitimate labor goal. It »2minds union leaders that their business in life is not to make fast six-per-cent deals but to serve the rank and file. Though unions may occasionally lend money to

America ¢ JUNE 1, 1957

hard-pressed businesses, they should normally place their funds in Govern- ment bonds, or in something like hous- ing mortgages that help all the people.

The code also notes that a union exists for the welfare of its members, not for the exaltation of its leaders, or for the fattening of their pocketbooks. In short, this is the sort of anti-capitalist code that even capitalists will applaud.

... and British Practice

British trade unionists must be shak- ing scandalized heads over the financial operations of Dave Beck and Frank Brewster. Things are done differently over there.

To begin with, almost all British unions register with a Government body and annually make complete financial reports to it. Anybody can inspect these reports for a fee of 35 cents.

Then, too, the salaries of British union officials are very modest, as are their expense accounts. The general secretary of the Trades Union Congress is paid $6,000 a year, and only three or four labor leaders are more highly rewarded. The top official of Britain’s largest union, the General Transport Workers, has a salary of $5,000—about a third more than the best-paid mem- bers of the union receive.

Actually, such salaries are probably too modest and appear to be the reason why young workers in Britain show little interest in union office. The ten- dency now is to raise them somewhat. Though to compare British and Ameri- can union practices would be unfair and misleading, some of our labor leaders might usefully toy with the idea. They could begin by asking themselves just how big the spread ought to be between their living standards and those of the rank and file. Labor leaders aren’t monks with a vow of poverty, but they're not corporation executives, either.

College Alumni to the Rescue The 1956 Fund Survey, made public

last month by the American Alumni Council (1785 Massachusetts Ave.,

N.W., Wash. 6, D. C., 25¢), indicates

that American college alumni are re- sponding generously to alma mater’s

financial plight. During 1956 they gave $106 million.

Of this total, $36.2 million represent contributions to annual alumni funds— the equivalent of a “living endowment” of $720 million paying five-per-cent interest. In order to realize this sum every fifth college alumnus gave an aver- age $35.60.

Notre Dame alumni averaged $79.72 in giving $860,662, the fifth highest total in the nation. The Creighton Uni- versity alumni were tenth nationally; they gave $471,476, an average gift of $101.02. In total giving—that is, the annual fund plus all bequests and capital donations from alumni—Fordham Uni- versity ranked seventh among the na- tion’s schools with $2,427,941.

More significant than these figures is the high percentage of alumni who joined in giving. Among the large Catho- lic schools Notre Dame boasts effective alumni participation of 48.4 and Creigh- ton 31.3 per cent, Xavier University, Cincinnati, had 42.4 and Canisius Col- lege, Buffalo, 41.7 per cent.

Mount Marty College, Yankton, S. D., begun as a four-year college in 1950, was seventh nationally with 65.8 per cent. Regis College, Weston, Mass., held ninth place in the nation with 60.7. Trinity College, Washington, D. C., and the College of New Rochelle, N. Y., with percentages of 49.9 and 43.5 re- spectively, also ranked high.

Recognition is slowly widening that a college student’s tuition does not begin to meet the full cost of his education. The bounty that alumni are now return- ing to their old colleges as a debt of honor will help these institutions to cope with spiraling costs and rising enrol- ments.

Hungarian Agony

Memories of the nation’s angry frus- tration last fall during the Hungarian revolt came briefly to life two weeks ago in a caustic report to the House Foreign Affairs Committee. A five-mem- ber committee study group charged the Eisenhower Administration with losing the chance of a lifetime by indecision and inaction during the first four days of the uprising:

This inaction in effect weakened

the morale of the freedom fighters and emboldened the Soviets to take

275

their ruthless action without fear of counter-measures from the free world.

One member, Rep. James G. Fulton of Pennsylvania, dissented from the re- port. He insisted that the Administra- tion “took the only steps feasible within the framework of its basic policy deci- sions.” These basic policy decisions were 1) to refrain from resort to force, and 2) to work through the United Nations.

Though this is the kind of argument

that will never be settled, it does serve to keep the issue of Hungary alive. Ter- rible events are still taking place in that tragic land, as Dr. Béla Fabian, a leader of the Hungarian National Council, re- minded UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold on May 17. Dr. Fabian claims that 35,000 Hungarians have been deported to Siberia, 2,000 have been sentenced to hang and that even children are being sent to concentration camps. (The children have been wear-

ing black armbands on the twenty-third of each month to commemorate the Oct. 23 uprising. )

Whether Dr. Fabian’s charges are true in every detail, we do not know, But if this country is to continue han- dling the Hungarian problem through the UN, how about airing the charges as soon as possible before a special session of the Assembly? Though this would cost money, it might save some gallant lives,

-—Some Significant Stands

Two vibrant Midwest centers of U. S. Catholic life were hosts in mid-May to two growing na- tional organizations. A thousand men in Cin- cinnati, delegates to the 36th convention of the National Council of Catholic Men, May 10-12, pondered Archbishop Karl J. Alter’s challenge (“We live in exceptional times when the role of the laity has assumed a new and vital impor- tance. .. .”), compared notes on their diversified lay apostolates and voted a strong resolution supporting “a just and Christian integration of Negroes, Indians, Mexicans, Orientals and all other racial groups, not only in schools, but in all phases of American life.”

St. Louis warmly welcomed the Catholic Press Association’s busy 47th convention, May 14-17. Five hundred publishers, editors and business managers of the CPA heard a unique and mov- ing address in English by Pope Pius XII, tape- recorded in Rome for the St. Louis meeting. The Holy Father urged Catholic journalists to in- crease their competence through serious study, stressed the reliance the press should have on the teaching authority of the bishops and empha- sized the obedience that should be shown them. With regard to the “vast and varied” field of questions, in which the bishops have not pro- nounced judgment, the Pope spoke to U. S. journalists as follows:

. . . free discussion will be altogether legiti-

mate and each one may hold and defend his

own opinion. But let such an opinion be presented with due restraint; and no one will condemn another simply because he does not agree with his opinion, much less challenge his loyalty. All have the same goal—the spread of Christ’s truth and the salvation of souls. This should create among journalists an unbreakable bond of union sealed by justice and charity. At their final business meeting the CPA dele-

Fr. Davis attended the NCCM and CPA con- ventions.

gates, noting the “anguish and concern” caused by recent religious tensions, called upon Catho- lics to contribute to the easing of these tensions

. . . by their readiness competently to dis-

cuss areas of misunderstanding with their

non-Catholic associates, as well as by their unconstrained cooperation with non-Catho- lics in common efforts to achieve those civic goals we all hold essential to the orderly de- velopment of our democratic society. A resolution on immigration urged Congress to enact in this session “long-delayed legislation in the field of immigration with a view toward ex- tending sanctuary to the victims of communism from the satellite countries.” Decrying the abuse of power by some labor leaders, the CPA ex- pressed the hope that labor unions would be accorded “every encouragement to correct these abuses through their own efforts.” Spelling this matter out, the resolution stated the convention’s opposition to “the enactment of State or Federal legislation, such as so-called right-to-work laws, that would hamper the progress, or even the ex- istence, of legitimate labor-union activities.”

Praise was given to the “positive and legiti- mate efforts” of the National Legion of Decency and the National Office for Decent Literature for their work in combating the “spreading virus of indecency,” and the CPA “heartily encour- aged” the proposal of Bishop William A. Scully (Am. 3/30, pp. 726-7) that movie clubs be formed in schools, colleges and parishes “to serve as centers for the development of good taste, greater appreciation and improved moral judgment of motion pictures.”

Following the lead of the NCCM, the CPA strongly supported the cause of interracial jus- tice. Urging Catholics to continue to maintain their leadership in this field, the convention recommended that progress be made “in every realistic, effective and tangible way—in the schools, in housing, in transportation and in all other aspects of community life throughout the United States.” TuHursTON N. Davis

276

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Washington Front

On Again Looking into Larson’s Odyssey In April, 1956, Arthur Larson published his A Repub-

‘lican Looks at His Party, a campaign counterpart to

Dean Acheson’s A Democrat Looks at His Party. Mr. Larson was the prophet of the New Republicanism, later rechristened by Eisenhower Modern Republican- ism. Mr. Larson’s book was a sort of dialog between his new Republicanism and what he vaguely called “The Opposition.” The latter consisted mostly of New-Fair Deal Democrats, but he gently hinted that it took in some Republicans as well, both to the left and the right.

In his preface Mr. Larson made two assumptions: “1) We have greater agreement on fundamental issues than ever before in our history; and 2) we have an Administration whose philosophy and actions reflect, more accurately than ever before, this general agree- ment.” He called this the Authentic American Center or, for short, the American Consensus (capitals are his ).

Now, after some years as Assistant Secretary of Labor, where he was at home, and head of the U. S. Information Agency (USIA), where he seemed at sea, if he rewrote the book, he might do it differently. His section on inflation, for instance, has had its glowing optimism dashed, though he saw the danger. Other passages would be revised, including the two initial as- sumptions.

Underscorings

By any Old Guard standard, North or South, Mr. Larson is a generous and understanding liberal. He sincerely desires the welfare of our people, as he showed throughout his book. When he appeared before a Sen- ate Foreign Relations subcommittee to justify his USIA budget request of $144 million, little enough for his great task, he made a valiant effort to convert his audience (he is obviously no politician). After three days of grueling and, in my opinion, often unfair heckling, he saw his appropriation reduced to $90 mil- lion. He had been asked to desert “glittering generali- ties,” and give “definites”; yet every time he or an as- sistant began to give definite statistics, the subcom- mittee broke in with some generality of its own. Many points were thus lost. This is known on the Hill as “the old army game.”

Who are the Modern Republicans? Congressional Quarterly estimates them in the Senate as from 15 to 18 out of 46 at present. On Mr. Larson’s 61-15 Senate vote, he got 14 Republican votes—the hard core of “moderns,” who have valiantly but hopelessly fought to save the President’s budget, only to see themselves repudiated by Mr. Eisenhower. In his news conference of May 15, the President said that he would work through “the elected leaders of the party’—who are unanimously op- posed to Modern Republicanism and all its works.

Make no mistake about it: this budget furor is not about money; it is a fight over Republican leadership in 1960 and about liberal policies at home and abroad. There is no American Consensus, Mr. Larson—not in your sense. WILFRID PARSONS

Mass of thanksgiving in Msgr. Mur- dock’s present parish of the Sacred Heart, Mount Vernon. Many ecclesias-

tical and military dignitaries were pres- ent; and a special message of congratu-

THE U. S. DELEGATION to the World Congress of the Lay Apostolate, to: be held Oct. 5-13 in Rome, is being coordinated by the National Council of Catholic Men and the National Coun- cil of Catholic Women. Anyone inter- ested in joining the tours to the con- gress, by ship or plane, which they are sponsoring, should apply, preferably before July 1, to Catholic Travel Office, 1108 Dupont Circle Bldg., Wash. 6. 2c.

pTHE OFFICIAL. CATHOLIC DI- RECTORY for 1957 was published May 24 by P. J. Kenedy and Sons, New York (U. S. Edition, 1,208p.: paper, $9 post- paid. U, S. and Foreign Edition, 1,390p.: paper, $10; cloth, $12 postpaid. Add $1 for postage to foreign coun- tries). There are now, according to the Directory, 34,563,851 Catholies in the United States, Alaska and Hawaii, an

America e JUNE 1, 1957

increase of 989,834 over 1956. The Directory lists 4 U. S. Cardinals, 33 Archbishops and 180 Bishops: a total of 217,

p> PRIESTS listed number 49,725 (30,- 481 diocesan, 19,244 religious). There are 162,657 Sisters and 9,300 Brothers. There are 259 colleges and universities; 2,385 high schools (1,539 diocesan or parochial, 846 private); 9,772 elemen- tary schools (9,274 parochial, 498 pri- vate), These institutions enrol a total of 4,691,070 students.

p MSGR. GEORGE G. MURDOCK, for many years Catholic chaplain to the cadets at the U. S, Military Academy, West Point, N. Y., celebrated on May

- 19 the 40th anniversary of his ordina-

tion. Cardinal Spellman, Archbishop of New York and Vicar of the U. S. Mili- tary Ordinariate, presided at a solemn

lation was received from President and Mrs. Eisenhower,

pA COLOR FILM, The Mandate, has been ptoduced, at the request of Arch- bishop Joseph P. Ritter of St. Louis, Mo., to explain the objectives and op- eration of Catholic grade and high schools. It runs 28 minutes and is now available at $375 per print. For infor- mation write the Chancery Office, 3810 Lindell Blvd., St. Louis 8, Mo.

B FOR NON-CATHOLICS married to or intending to marry Catholics, Rev. John S. Banahan, assistant at the Cathe- dral of the Holy Name, Chicago, has written a book, Instructions for Mixed Marriages. In six lessons it outlines the obligations of the commandments and the precepts of the Church in regard

to matrimony (Bruce, Milwaukee, 124p., paper, $1). C. K. 277

Editorials

Foreign Aid

In his May 21 TV address Mr. Eisenhower for the sec- ond time in as many weeks took his budget fight to the people. On this occasion he defended his $3.865 billion foreign-aid program. More than two-thirds of this sum is for defense purposes; the rest is primarily for economic help. An entirely new feature is the re- quest for a half-billion dollars to set up a “development loan fund.” This would make aid possible on a long- term but reimbursable basis.

The President’s address was a moving one, infused with the familiar earnestness which has so often swayed his listeners. But earnestness will not carry the day. He still has before him two formidable obstacles: Congress’ present budget-cutting propensity and a widespread idea in the public mind that foreign aid is synonymous with purposeless “giveaway.” The President’s task is particularly difficult because his proposed long-range development fund implies that foreign aid is here to stay. In his effort to improve efficiency by reducing the need for emergency programing, Mr. Eisenhower has virtually asked Congress to sanction foreign aid as a permanent policy.

Despite these difficulties, however, the basic merits of economic assistance to needy nations abroad seem to be admitted by all who have made any serious study of the subject. This matter has undergone intensive scrutiny in the past six months by a wide variety of public and private research groups. Though many sug- gestions for improvement emerged from these studies, the appropriateness of foreign aid in general was never questioned. The President’s program, therefore, reflects the results of these inquiries and is, for that reason, too, worthy of support.

It is hardly possible in this space to examine the

Administration’s program in detail. For those who wonder what possible good foreign aid in any form can serve, there is a key to the answer in one significant fact. Since the war's end, 19 new countries, with a com- bined population of about 700 million, have come into existence. Other millions, especially in Africa, are as- piring to the same national autonomy. All of these peoples are consumed with a burning desire to achieve in a few years the economic and industrial progress that Europe took centuries to realize. This ambition is something over which the United States has no direct control. It is a force that can generate tremendous perils, if its dynamism is not directed into moderate and realistic channels. We have the chance, even the duty, to guide the underdeveloped nations to worth- while growth through our economic assistance. If these peoples do not receive help and encouragement from us, they may seek it from our enemies.

Our stake in the future stability and freedom of these crucial areas, therefore, requires such long-range eco- namic assistance as the President has urged. But it is more than a purely selfish and narrow interest that motivates us. Too often we timidly play down the frankly humanitarian aspect of our foreign aid as though there were something sophomoric and naive in wishing to help strangers with whom we have nothing in com- mon but our common humanity. We should have no embarrassment in professing openly the role that Christian fraternity plays in our motivation. Economic aid is destined to have an enormous impact upon future world developments. Its ultimate fruitfulness depends on our willingness to carry through this program in a spirit of genuine international cooperation and Christian goodwill.

Nasser Encircled?

Egyptian President Nasser appears to have won his point in the Suez Canal dispute. But by all the signs he is coming out second best in what to him must be an equally vital struggle—the contest for supremacy in the Arab world. Whatever dreams Colonel Nasser may have of a Cairo-led, anti-Western federation of Arab states, they remain, at the moment, far from realization. These past weeks have demonstrated that his ideas on Arab unity are not those of the vast majority of Middle East statesmen.

They are certainly not the ideas of the three Kings who have found common ground in their opposition to

278

the Egyptian leader’s policies. King Saud of Saudi Arabia and King Faisal of Iraq were clearly referring to his role in the recent Jordanian crisis, when, on May 18, they denounced interference by any Arab state in the internal affairs of another. What is more, their talks marked the emergence of Iraq from its Middle Eastern isolation ward. The pro-Western Iraqi Government had been none too popular throughout the Middle East since it joined the Baghdad Pact two years ago. We now have the beginnings of a new alignment of nations in the Middle East—Saudi Arabia and Iraq united in their support of Jordan’s King Hussein.

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Moreover, the rift in the fagade of Arab unity is con- stantly widening. The same mistrust of President Nasser is poisoning Lebanese-Egyptian relations. Writing from Beirut, New York Herald-Tribune columnist Joseph Al- sop has reported that diplomatic relations between these two countries are at the point of rupture. The cause has been the same ruthless interference in Leb- anese affairs by Egyptian agents that almost cost Jordan’s King his throne a month ago. The Egyptian Embassy in Beirut is reportedly the political headquar- ters of the leftists and crypto-Communists who hope to drive out the present pro-Western Government in next month’s general elections. Moreover, Cairo’s “Voice of the Arabs” has carried on a campaign of vilification since Lebanon’s acceptance of the Eisenhower Doc- trine several months ago. Should the coming elections result, as expected, in a victory for the present regime, Mr. Alsop looks for a complete break with Egypt.

Similar disillusionment in North Africa would com- plete the encirclement of President Nasser. He has long led the Arab world in campaigning on behalf of North

African nationalism. But there are indications that his leadership is dwindling in this sector of the Muslim world. He remains popular with the masses. Moderate, relatively pro-Western leaders, like Tunisian Premier Habib Bourguiba, are slowly coming to the fore and are solidifying their own positions by espousing the Algerian nationalist cause.

All this may add up to a fleeting diplomatic victory for the West. Middle East politics are most uncertain. Nevertheless, with the chips down, the present crop of Middle East leaders have been shrewd enough to recognize the inevitable consequences of President Nasser’s ambitious maneuverings in the name of Arab unity. As for President Nasser himself, the London Economist remarked in its May 18 issue: “He is busily learning that he cannot lead his Arab brethren by the nose without paying some of the price himself.” The price could be his gradual isolation in Middle East area politics. In the long run the most effective opposi- tion to the troublesome colonel may be found in the Middle East itself.

Wages and Inflation

From 1948 through December, 1956, the Government index of wholesale prices (farm products and food ex- cluded ) jumped from 103.4 to an estimated 124.6. Farm products dropped from 107.3 to 88.6 and processed foods from 106.1 to 103.1. Consumer prices vaulted from 102.8 to 118.

These and other bone-dry figures furnish the raw material for the paper war over inflation. Businessmen charge that labor’s excessive wage demands have caused the rise in prices. Union leaders retort that the pricing and profit policies of big business are largely to blame. Both sides quote economists with judicious selectivity.

Into this wrangle entered last week the U. S. De- partment of Labor with a highly technical report on wage movements in relation to productivity over the past ten years. Compiled at the request of the Joint Congressional Committee on the Economic Report, this study finds that payments to labor (up 61 per cent since 1947) have definitely outstripped the gain in pro- ductivity (up 26 per cent). From this it concludes that real labor costs have increased 28 per cent over the past decade, or within one per cent of the rise in prices. From this coincidence, however, the report warns the unwary not to rush to conclusions.

In the first place, labor costs are not total costs. On an average they are about 56 per cent of total costs. They can account, therefore, for only slightly more than half the 29-per-cent rise in prices. The rest must be charged to increases in taxes, depreciation charges, profits, etc.

All these figures are average figures, covering the entire non-farm economy. They lump together busi- nesses that have experienced large productivity gains with businesses that have had little increase in output per man-hour, or none at all. The study notes, there-

America ¢ JUNE 1, 1957

fore, that in some industries wage increases may not have exceeded productivity gains at all.

Furthermore, it is one thing to argue that wages rose faster than productivity, and another to argue that wages caused a rise in prices. It could happen, as it did happen during the Korean war inflation, that wages followed prices upward to compensate for an increase in living costs. As the Labor Department analysis says: “The answer to the question of whether wage increases cause the price increase or vice versa cannot be deter- mined from the figures alone.”

COST INFLATION

If this report fails to pin the blame for inflation on either labor or management—though it does tend to spotlight excessive wage increases—it certainly supports the thesis that monetary and fiscal policy is not suffi- cient by itself to keep prices in line. Though the Labor Department experts, like the good economists they are, hedge their conclusions in various ways, they leave the inference that what we have been experiencing these past few years is a cost rather than a monetary inflation. Though a tight check has been maintained on the money supply, the cost of doing business has forced prices upward.

The experts suggest, in other words, that unless labor and management coordinate wage and price policies with the Government’s economic policy, balanced bud- gets and tight money are not adequate to protect the integrity of the dollar. This leaves the problem where President Eisenhower placed it last January: how in our type of economy, where the law of supply and de- mand is supposed to be sovereign, can labor and man- agement exercise the controls that self-denying wage and price policies imply?

279

MUST WE BE HELPLESS AGAINST INDECENCY?

NODL States Its Case Mser. Thomas J, Fitzgerald

(Autuor’s Note: During the past year the National Office for Decent Literature has been subjected to varied criticism, the most recent being that made public May 5 by the American Civil Liberties Union. Some of it, which stemmed from honest differences of opinion, received respectful consideration. Much, however, was based on false premises or misinformation. Policies were attributed to NODL which were and are foreign to its standards and procedures. This article is written to clarify NODL’s position. )

lished a National Organization for Decent Litera-

ture in December, 1938. Its purpose, as enun- ciated by the Episcopal, Committee for NODL, was “to set in motion the moral forces of the entire country . . . against the lascivious type of literature which threatens moral, social and national life.”

Subsequent events have proved that the concern of the bishops was well founded. Many authorities have since voiced their apprehension at the dangers in mod- ern objectionable literature. For example, when a Select Committee of the House of Representatives conducted an investigation of this literature in 1952, the majority report declared:

Ti: CATHOLIC BisHopPs of the United States estab-

Pornography is big business. The extent to which the profit motive has brushed aside all generally accepted standards of decency and good taste and substituted inferior moral standards, has become not only a national disgrace but a menace to our civic welfare as well. Parents who would not toler- ate salacious conversation in their homes appar- ently do not object ‘to, or are unaware of, the pres- ence of degrading types of books and magazines devoted to the same topics, whose principal appeal is to the salacious-minded.

The National Council of Juvenile Court Judges con- sidered the problem so serious that at its 1954 national convention it adopted a resolution which not only called for legislation at all levels of government to curtail pub- lication of such literature but also recommended that “civic consciousness be aroused in all communities

Mscr. FirzceraLp is Executive Secretary of the Na- tional Office for Decent Literature (33 East Congress Parkway, Chicago 5, Ill.).

280

through church, fraternal, civic and business organiza- tions to secure the voluntary cooperation of merchants, magazine distributors and associations to place the value of youth above financial gain.” The reason for this drastic action, according to the judges, was as follows:

The character of juvenile delinquency has changed as a consequence of the stimulation of these publications, being no longer the thoughtless, mischievous actions of children, but is reflected in acts of violence, armed robbery, rape, torture and even homicide to which the vicious and vile pub- lications conditioned the minds of our children.

FREEDOM AND PUBLIC MORALITY

It will be clear from the foregoing that NODL is operating in the field of public morals. Public morals are not just a private affair, nor are they wholly a matter of religious opinion. Our American society, as its inheritance from Western culture, has definite moral

This article is available in booklet form at the America Press, 70 East 45th Street, New , York 17, N. Y., at $2 per hundred.

standards and principles which we all respect, notwith- standing our religious differences. For these moral prin- ciples men have always been willing to fight and even to die.

The welfare of man and of society rests on these prin- ciples. It would be foolish therefore to maintain that liberty must be equated with unrestrained license. Hu- man freedoms are essentially subordinated to good morals and are safeguarded by them. A campaign for good morals is not an infringement upon freedom, but a preparation for the enjoyment of true freedom. Free- dom, then, connotes not mefély’a right, but a duty: a duty to good morals. Just as the individual must be concerned about the public exercise of freedom, so must he be concerned about public morality.

The Christian citizen in the exercise of his freedom feels an even greater responsibility to public morals. “The Christian cannot ignore this vice which exists on our newsstands,” says Dr. A. C. Miller, secretary of the Christian Life Commission of the Southern Baptist Con- vention. “Even though he may not be personally at-

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tracted to it, he has a Christian stewardship toward society.”

That NODL might better fulfil its purposes a na- tional office was set up in Chicago, in April, 1955. And to correct a misapprehension that often arose out of its former title, the National Organization for Decent Literature, a new name, the National Office for Decent Literature, was adopted. This new name describes more exactly the function of NODL.

NODL IN ACTION

This office services all organizations—civic, educa- tional, social and religious—that voluntarily request its aid. It does not, however, attempt to direct or dictate the policies of such organizations. Each determines its own program.

NODL supplies these groups with practical informa- tion gathered from the aggregate experience of many organizations which have been actively working on a literature program. It also issues a quarterly bulletin containing current information on activities, programs and. procedures throughout the country. Finally, it prints each month a list of comic books, magazines and pocket-size books which it has judged objectionable for youth. (It has never reviewed a cloth-bound book.) NODL concentrates upon these publications because of their availability to youth at a nominal price.

NODL does not: enter the field of adult reading. Catholics already have the’ law of the Church, clear and binding in conscience, which forbids the reading of “ex professo” obscene publications. NODL’s appeal to adults outside the church is to their sense of decency and their individual responsibility to the common good. Both of these should deter them from buying and read- ing publications which would undermine ideals of public morality, patriotism, respect for law and the sanctity of family life.

The purpose of NODL’s listing of objectionable read- ing is clearly indicated in the title of the list: “Publica- tions Disapproved for Youth.” (This list, as well as a list of “Acceptable Pocket-Size Books for Youth,” may be obtained by writing NODL, 33 East Congress Park- way, Chicago 5, Ill. Single copies are ten cents.) Pub- lications are evaluated according to a code for youthful reading. The code deems objectionable publications which:

1) glorify crime or the criminal; 2) describe in detail ways to commit criminal acts; ) hold lawful authority in disrespect;

4) exploit horror, cruelty or violence;

) portray sex facts offensively;

6) feature indecent, lewd or suggestive photo- graphs or illustrations;

7) carry advertising which is offensive in content or advertise products which may lead to physi- cal or moral harm;

8) use blasphemous, profane or obscene speech

indiscriminately and repeatedly;

hold up to ridicule any national, religious or

racial group.

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NODL believes that this code does not embody stand- ards peculiar to Catholics, but rather that it reflects the thinking of all people interested in the ideals of youth.

Judgment on a publication is never left to one in- dividual. Five competent reviewers (the majority of them members of the honor sorority Kappa Gamma Pi) must agree that a magazine or pocket-size book violates the code before the publication is listed as unsuitable for youth. Five mothers of grammar-school or teen-age children must pass judgment on a comic book before it is so listed.

While the majority of reviewers are Catholic, NODL does have currently a Protestant and a Jewish reviewer. It invites all Protestants and Jews who are sincerely interested in the welfare of youth to join its reviewing board.

The NODL list also carries many mature literary works, a few of them award winners, which have ap- peared in paperback form. These may be suitable for adult reading but have been evaluated by NODL re- viewers as too advanced for the youthful mind. Ideally and practically, NODL considers that these books should be made available for adults but kept out of the hands of youth through a program of self-regulation on the part of the publishing and distributing indus- tries.

NODL grants permission to any organization to re- print all or part of its listing. Certainly both individuals and organizations have the privilege of disagreeingavith the judgment of NODL reviewers respecting specific publications. However, if a group alters the list by ad- ditions or deletions, NODL requests that its name be not connected with the revised listing.

NODL does believe that some list, compiled by com- petent reviewers and based on an objective code, is necessary to help parents and interested groups. Other- wise they may be guilty of snap judgments.

Evils of Pulp-Literature

The sham literature of our age is designed for the commercial cultivation, propagation and ex- ploitation of the most degraded forms of be- havior. . . . The world of this popular literature is a sort of human zoo, inhabited by raped, mutilated and murdered females, and he-males outmatching in. bestiality any caveman and out- lusting the lustiest animals. . . . And what is especially symptomatic is that many of these hu- man animals are made to seem to luxuriate in this way of life. . . . Instead of exhibiting its filth and rottenness, the pulp-sexualists daze the reader with the glamor of “smartness,” “orgas- mic” curves, “dynamic” lines, violent passions and “freedom” unlimited to do everything one wants to do.

Pitirim A. Sorokin, The American Sex Revo- lution (Sargent, Boston, 1957).

281

NODL recognizes that one of its responsibilities is to promote good reading for youth. It already had a list of acceptable comics and recently added the list of acceptable pocket-size books mentioned above. It will strive to keep both lists current. As other methods of fostering acceptable literature for youth are explored, the results will be made available.

NODL believes, however, that the fostering of good reading habits is only a partial solution to the problem of objectionable literature. Such a program can effec- tively cultivate a taste for good literature in but a por- tion of our youth. Furthermore, this program presup- poses good home and school training.

COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITIES

The community has a responsibility also to unwanted, rejected, retarded and abnormal children and to the youth who have no taste for good literature. Placing in the hands of such youngsters publications emphasiz- ing the lurid, the sensational, the violent adds to the burden they already have in striving to live a normal life.

These children should be protected from such pub- lications by every legitimate and democratic means right-thinking and intelligent citizens can muster. These means certainly include recourse to law and the right of public protest within constitutional limits.

A misunderstanding of NODL’s attitude toward po- lice action demands correction. The NODL Office de- nies that it has ever recommended or encouraged any arbitrary coercive police action. Such is not the pur- pose or procedure of NODL. Under existing laws in most communities, duly constituted public officials have

Recent Events

Two significant announcements appeared in the daily press during the last week in April. The first was that 20 Protestant denominations meeting at a conference in Washington, D. C., have formed the Churchmen’s Council for De- cent Literature. The conference appointed a 15- man national advisory committee to set up a per- manent organization to coordinate Protestant efforts in this field.

The other announcement was made by the Bureau of Independent Publishers and Distribu- tors, who stated that they are launching a self- policing campaign against obscene publications. This organization represents 16 publishers, 850 wholesalers and 110,000 retailers. A. H. Oschay, chairman of the organization’s regulating com- mittee, conceded “a worsening situation within the last year” and declared that his committee had decided to “explore ways and means of se- curing the cooperation of publishers for self- policing regarding obscene publications.”

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the obligation of taking action against vendors of ob- scene publications. In the initial action the police power must be employed only to arrest the vendor and must be limited to a specific publication (or publica- tions) considered obscene under the law. The final de- cision as to whether the law has in fact been violated lies with the courts. If the courts rule the vendor guilty, the police power may be used when necessary to en- force this judicial decision.

NODL hopes, then, that legislators throughout the country will acquaint themselves with the type of pub- lication available to youth at neighborhood newsstands everywhere, and also with the existing laws regarding such publications. From such a study, laws may be framed which will give public officials the means neces- sary to restrict the worst of the objectionable publica- tions without placing undue hardship upon the adult reader.

While advocating the enactment of adequate and constitutional legislation to remove the worst of the. offensive material from the neighborhood racks, NODL at the same time reaffirms the democratic right of any’ citizen to protest in a legal manner against the sale of | publications he considers objectionable for youth. Fur- ther, NODL defends the right of parents, teachers, pastors of souls and others charged with the welfare of youth to counsel and direct their families, their stu- dents and their flocks in these matters.

As has been noted above, in carrying out its program NODL is working in the field of public morality. This morality can be seriously damaged by the continuous reading of objectionable literature. Such reading has the power to destroy democratic ideas and ideals in young people who may never be judged delinquents but who will be the future citizens and public officials of our country.

Our democratic way of life is based upon ideals of patriotism, family integrity, justice, honesty, respect for law and for the rights of others. These ideals must be inculcated in youth if they are to be practiced in man- hood. If they are destroyed in our youth during the formative years and replaced by motives of perversion, violence, brutality, disregard for law, property and, country and contempt for family responsibilities, then future generations of America face an unhappy and chaotic life.

All these vile and repulsive traits of character are glorified in certain publications on neighborhood racks today. Were one to read many passages from those publications on radio or to show some of their pictures and cartoons on TV, he would be immediately cut off the air. Yet these same passages and pictures are sold to youth with impunity. NODL urges its critics to be realistic about this danger, which is a serious threat to the future security of our country.

Legislation cannot solve the problem in its entirety. It can only rid the stands of the worst of the material. A good reading program and good recreational facilities for youth will answer part of the problem, but again not all. NODL is endeavoring to fill a void.

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Lionel Chevrier Richard M. McKeon

great inventors. statesmen worthy of note, zeal-

ous missionaries. Behind the St. Lawrence Sea- way, which has been called the realization of a mighty dream, stands one such dreamer. History will link his name with that of the explorer La Salle, who some three hundred years ago gazed on the rapids above Montreal and named them La Chine; for he had the dream that China was somewhere beyond.

Lionel Chevrier was born in 1903 at Cornwall, On- tario. As a youth he must have wandered above the city by Long Sault Rapids and marveled at their tre- mendous power; and perhaps he wondered if these rapids would ever be harnessed for the benefit of the people. As he watched the ships in the canal, he would recall that the first canal, allowing navigation of 9-foot- draft vessels, was opened in 1850, and then deepened in 1904 for ships of 14-foot draft. Would the day ever dawn when a new canal, allowing ocean-going vessels from all parts of the world to pass through, would be built?

O™= BESIDES POETS may be dreamers of dreams:

BIRTH OF AN IDEA

Mr. Chevrier graduated from the University of Ot- tawa in 1924. Later he attended Osgoode Hall, from which he was called to the Bar of Ontario in 1928. In 1938 he was created King’s Counsel. When he became secretary (1928-34) to the Cornwall Board of Trade, he saw his opportunity to promote the seaway project. From that time to the present his dreams would grad- ually tend toward reality.

In 1935 he was elected to the House of Commons. He was re-elected three times, and represented Stor- mont, N. S., until in 1954 he became president of the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority.

As a member of Parliament, Mr. Chevrier became highly respected. In 1940 he was appointed Deputy Chief Government Whip; in 1942 he was chairman of a special subcommittee on war expenditures; in 1943 he was appointed parliamentary assistant to the Minister of Munitions and Supply; and in 1945 he became Min- ister of Transport, a post he held until 1954. It is also

Fr. McKeon, s.J., is director of the Institute of Indus- trial Relations, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, N. Y.

America ¢ JUNE 1, 1957

to be noted that he was chairman of the Canadian Delegation to the UN General Assembly in 1948.

As Minister of Transport he was in a position to further his dream, and he was soon recognized as the principal advocate of the St. Lawrence Seaway project. In 1951 he introduced in the House of Commons the legislation which provided for the establishment of the Seaway Authority.

What are some of the important historical facts be- hind the seaway? For over a hundred years there was discussion about deepening the ship channel. During the past fifty years Canada and the United States have made various studies on the project. In 1932 the Treaty of Washington was signed by both countries, but failed of ratification by.the U. S. Senate. In 1941 there was the Great Lakes Agreement covering a deep waterway from the lower St. Lawrence to the head of the lakes. The U. S. Congress never approved and Canada with- drew from the agreement.

ADVERSE POLITICAL WINDS

Opposition to the seaway was discussed by Freeman Lincoln in an article, “The Battle of the St. Lawrence,” in Fortune for December, 1950. Its opponents, he said, were “principally the Eastern railroads, railroad labor, Atlantic and Gulf ports, ship operators and certain of the private utilities and coal companies. The maneuver- ing of these minority interests to block a public project sponsored by two governments provides a vivid case history of how practical politics can work in the United States.”

Then the Iron Ore Company of Canada came into existence. Represented were these steel companies: Armco, National, Republic, Wheeling and Youngstown Sheet and Tube. They wanted transportation for the millions of tons of rich open-pit ore from the newly discovered Labrador deposits. The cheapest way would be by the seaway, and the steel interests supported it.

Mr. Chevrier was always fully aware of what was going on. When Washington was hesitating, he made a public statement on January 8, 1952:

We are not closing the door on United States participation in the seaway . . . the logical, the de- sirable choice. But it is results that count. Canada can no longer afford to rely on full United States participation as the only choice. The Canadian Government will pursue both alternatives, that is, action under the 1941 agreement and action for the all-Canadian seaway, until it becomes clear which course will be first to produce results.

The postwar industrial boom found Ontario clamor- ing for more power. Upper New York and the New England States also sorely needed a cheap supply. Here was an important incentive to get the project started as soon as possible.

Writing in America, April 5, 1952, Anthony J. Wright showed that Canada was not bluffing on the seaway and noted:

Canals in several parts of the world have altered the habits of millions of persons and hundreds of

283

cities, The most important ones were built against

strong opposition; and all of them came into being

only because of the foresight of men of. vision.

Canada thinks the St. Lawrence seaway is such a

project.

Mr. Chevrier as the man of vision was now ready to lead Canada into action. A new approach was adopted. The International Joint Commission, composed of rep- resentatives of the United States and Canada, approved an application for the development of power in the In- ternational Rapids section. Canada agreed to build all the navigational facilities on her side from Montreal to Lake Erie. The U. S. Congress had been procrastinat- ing, owing to heavy anti-seaway pressure. But finally it decided to participate. The Wiley-Dondero Act was passed in early 1954. It called for the building of all the navigational facilities in the International Rapids section in American territory.

In the summer of 1954, representatives of the United States and Canada met in Ottawa. Final details for the construction of the seaway had been agreed upon. Then on August 10, as Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent, Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York and Premier Leslie M. Frost of Ontario turned the first sods, symbo- lizing the actual; starting of work on the seaway, tears of joy filled the eyes of Lionel Chevrier, the modest dreamer of dreams. Now he knew that a most wonder- ful thing was assured—the collaboration of two great nations in serving to an untold degree the needs and happiness of their peoples.

When the St. Lawrence Seaway is completed there will be a 2,000-mile channel, 27 feet in depth, allowing ships of 25-foot draft to bring their cargoes from the

Choice for Children

well-known Catholic mother, Mrs. Mary Reed Newland, talk on the importance of good reading

in the home. The speech was delivered to an audience of young parents gathered together by Elizabeth Huber of the Saint Thomas More bookshop in New Haven, Conn. I’m certain these parents went home with Mrs. Newland’s inspiring suggestions echoing in their ears: children’s minds are not a vacuum; if we don’t fill them with good things, things that are not good will rush in. This is a doctrine AMerica has been preaching down the years through editorials, articles and reviews—the vital importance of good literature for every human be- ing, beginning with his cradle years. Here are a few

SHORT WHILE AGO I had the opportunity to hear a

Miss SHEEHAN is director of work for _—, at Queens Borough Library, New York, N. Y.

284

her several ‘picture-books demonstrate. Now in The

Atlantic to Port Arthur, Ont., on Lake Superior. At the International Rapids section there will be a hydroelec. trical development of 2.2 million horsepower to be divided equally between the two nations. In the Beau. harnois and Lachine sections 3.2 million horsepower will be developed.

SMOOTH SAILING AT LAST

Already there are signs of extensive industrial eX- pansion along the seaway. Cities on the Great Lakes are preparing proper harbor facilities for the new flow of commerce. With abundant electric power and cheap navigation, there seems no limit to the benefits which will be reaped by both Canada and the United States,

And so the boyhood dream of a true statesman, Lionel Chevrier, is fast nearing reality. On October 25, 1956, he said to the Rotary Club of Cleveland:

On many problems we think alike and frequently we act together. After many long years of delay our governments finally decided to act together on the St. Lawrence Seaway. This is all to the good, be-) cause in the years to come the Canadian and Amer- ican peoples will, for their own safety and the good of all, walk together in majesty, in justice and in peace. On April 26 Lionel Chevrier tendered his resignation §

as head of the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority to re- 7 turn to the Cabinet as President of the Privy Council, a post hitherto held by the Prime Minister. He may feel satisfaction in a magnificent work well done. And not only those in high office but millions in both | Canada and the United States should be grateful to i this farseeing statesman. 5

Meee neal

Ethna Sheehan

of the current publications which will give pleasure- and profit—to today’s youngsters, from crib to teens.

The very young child will encounter familiar situa- tions in Not a Little Monkey, written and illustrated by Charlotte Zolotow (Lothrop. $2.50), and mother will find psychologic pointers as she turns the multicolored pages and reads what happened when a tiny girl kept | getting in the way of the house-cleaning one even morning. The beloved French author-artist Frangoise proposes a number of enticing vocations in What Do You Want to Be? (Scribner. $2.75). “Tell me, do you want to be—a brave explorer, a sea captain, an animal trainer, a poet, an artist?” The droll full-page pictures make the humdrum seem as appealing as the exotic for pre-school fry.

Marcia Brown has proved herself a versatile artist, a

America ¢ JUNE 1, 1957

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1, 1957

Three Billy Goats Gruff (Harcourt, Brace. $3) she has taken an. old Scandinavian folktale and dressed it up with page after page of teasingly horrendous illustra- tions with the gay green mystery of springtime wood- lands for their background. Ages 3-6 will shudder glee- fully at this large picture-book.

Marco and his beloved burro Bianco find the side- walks of New York hard on their feet after the Sicilian fields. Poor Bianco has to be taken to the blacksmith’s. Here he encounters a big, black circus horse who, be- lieve it or not, hates to be fitted with shoes. How the lovable Bianco makes friends with Blackie and earns a job for himself and his master make a marvelously illustrated story for ages 6 to 8, entitled Bianco and the New World, by author-artist Tony Palazzo (Viking.

2.75).

a ae the Jones family bought a brand new auto- mobile, they traded in their battered old car Charley, in the approved American manner. Poor Charley. He thought he would never see the children again. But the Jones family were discovering that fancy cars have their drawbacks. They are fine for visiting and for church- going, but for picnics and everyday chores one really needs an old car. Charley and the New Car, by Jane Thayer, illustrated by Jay Hyde Barnum (Morrow. $2.25), proves that all’s well that ends well, for ages 4 to 7.

Donny was a nice boy, but he was shy and conse- quently very lonely. It was difficult for him to speak up in school. Quite by accident he started a home for stray animals, and became so enthusiastic about his critters that he forgot his inhibitions and stood right up in class to tell the other children all about his ex- periences. Donny, by Adele De Leeuw, illustrated by Meg Wohlberg (Little, Brown. $3), is a fast-paced and intriguing story for boys 7 to 9.

FANTASY AND ORPHANS

It is a comforting thought that in the midst of this terrifying 20th century children continue to enjoy fan- tasy. In 1954 Edward Eager made a big hit with Half Magic, which told‘how Mark and his three sisters be- came involved in bizarre adventures because of an amulet. In Magic by the Lake (Harcourt, Brace. $2.95) the same young people start their lakeside holiday with yearnings for some more enchantment. Wonderful to relate, their wishes are overheard by a venerable turtle with extraordinary powers. The adventures that ensue are sometimes frustrating, sometimes spine-chilling, al- ways funny—at least to the reader. For ages 8 to 11.

Gone-Away Lake, by Elizabeth Enright, illustrated by Beth and Joe Krush (Harcourt, Brace. $3), has an enchanting quality all its own. The very first day of Portia’s visit to her cousin Julian’s family, the children came upon a swamp in the woods, edged by a row of seemingly abandoned houses. Thus began a summer of encounters and discoveries that surely will please boys and girls 9 to 12 as much as they entranced Portia and Julian. "

Nowadays we rarely find an orphan story of the type

America e JUNE 1, 1957

that drew tears from bygone generations. The children are either living well-adjusted lives in homes or, more often, are boarded in private families as wards of the state. Jud was a state ward. He loved his guardian and he loved the Maine coast where he was_ boarded. Nevertheless he had his problems. For one thing, he was the only boy in the tiny school; and for another, he seemed to attract trouble. His efforts to prove his maturity backfired on him on the “give a dog a bad name’ principle. The time came, however, when the Spruce Point folks spoke of “that Jud!” in a different tone. By the way, though Jud is not a Catholic, he is helped find himself by a young priest who is vacation- ing at Spruce Point. That Jud, by Elspeth Bragdon, illustrated by Georges Schreiber (Viking. $2.50) will appeal to boys 9 to 11.

Dawne, an orphan who has lived all her life in “Aunty Shaw’s” foster-home, is disturbed at first by the dis- closure that she is to be legally adopted by wealthy Mrs. Seaver. Then she begins to dream happily of the time ahead when she will have a real mother who will refer to her as “my daughter Dawne” and whom Dawne can call “Marmee” in the manner of her beloved Little Women. Happy Answer, by Ruth Chandler, illustrated by Jay Troth (Abelard-Schuman. $2.50), narrates how everything worked out at the end of an eventful sum- mer. For girls 9 to 11.

There is much unmined wealth in the history of Catholic life during the centuries the faith was under a cloud in England. Ann was just 12 at the time of the Gordon Riots. in the late 18th century. If you had asked her, she might have admitted her discontent at being a member of a despised minority, forced to attend Mass in an alley and obliged to attend school with the un- washed poor. The night the hunted Bishop Challoner took shelter in her father’s house, Ann became party to a dangerous secret, a secret which later was to cause her anguish during long hours of imprisonment by members of the mob. A Safe Lodging, by Mary Harris (Sheed & Ward. $2.75), proves that Ann was a very human girl, and a courageous one where true bravery was essential. For girls 10 to 12.

Julie’s Heritage, by Catherine Marshall (Longmans, Green. $3), centres around a peculiarly American issue: the problem of a Negro member of a white community. Julie’s grammar- # school years have been serene; she has no premonition of the shock that is to come to her the first days of high school. Though her instinct is to with- draw into herself, she - spends the four years

fighting her sensitivity and bitterness. She finds comfort in her love for music, and yet it is a real struggle to hold herself to the standards she has set for herself as a representative of her race. A provocative novel for girls 12 to 16.

New Dreams for Old, by Tom Person (Longmans, Green. $2.75), takes place in the Mississippi delta cotton country. During her father’s illness it takes all Caroline Howard's grit to handle restless sharecroppers and itinerant cotton pickers, to block the machinations of upstart Sam Weaver, and to maintain her old relation- ship with her puzzling young neighbor Van McIntosh. A good novel for teen-age girls in which romance is neatly blended with the economic and social issues pe- culiar to the Deep South.

Dean brooded so much over his failure to live up to his older brother’s high-school reputation that he be- gan to think the whole world was against him. It took a harrowing experience with escaped convicts during a summer camping trip to make him take stock of him- self. Boys 12 to 14 will find food for contemplation as well as breathless action in Hardnose, by Gilbert Doug- las (Crowell. $2.75).

Coach Gillis’ basketball team and his uncooperative assistant gave him plenty of headaches. But everything took on a rosy hue when seven-foot Miles Talbert en- rolled in Greenwood High. Miles was a natural for the team and a level-headed fellow into the bargain; yet the coach discovered that even with Miles on the squad, new frictions were building up, frictions which involved the fundamental right of Americans. The Tall One, by Gene Olson (Dodd, Mead. $2.75), couples fast basket- ball with social values for teen-age boys.

SPORTS, JOUSTS, TREKS

Mike Stevens got a chance to play baseball with the American Legion Junior Baseball League the summer he graduated from Humbolt High. Things didn’t pan out easily, however, for Mike had responsibilities on the farm and he had to buck his uncle’s disapproval and the ill-will of certain team-mates. Slugging Back- stop, by Wayne C. Lee (Dodd, Mead. $2.75), demon- strates the worth of Mike’s dead father’s slogan: “Win- ners Never Quit; Quitters Never Win.” For boys 12 to 16.

The Double Quest, by Donald J. Sobol (Watts. $2.95), takes us to the England of knight-errantry. But there is more to the book than pageantry. Martin, a young squire, is witness to a hor- rible murder, sus- pects foul play at a tournament, and joins with a beau- tiful warrior-maid and her lovely young handmaid- en on a search that takes the trio up and down the land and ends in

a climax involving issues above and beyond their pri- vate affairs. There is something of the half-real world of King Arthur in this memorable book for ages 12 to 15, but its core is the hard, realistic 12th-century era when England’s guardians repulsed a foreign army

almost without the knowledge of the country at large, |

In 1843 young Nat Kilburn ran away from his unkind uncle and joined up with an immigrant band headed for Oregon. Nat’s chief aim was to find his father, who

had disappeared into the West some time previously, )

The party met with its full share of danger and good times as well. When at last Nat found his father he discovered that there were new problems and new

decisions to be made. Wagons across the Mountains, ©

by Bruce N. Coulter (Dodd, Mead. $3), is a worth. ©

while piece of Americana for boys 11 to 13, though it seems at times a little weightier than necessary.

HEROES AND SAINTS

Biography for young people has made tremendous strides of late years. This season Alma Power-Waters

has given us Virginia Giant (Dutton. $3), a reconstrut- |

tion of the life of the little-known and teasingly mys- terious colonial hero Peter Francisco. While still young,

Peter played a man’s part in the Revolution as soldier | and espionage agent and earned the approbation of | Washington and the friendship of Lafayette. Both boys — and girls 12 to 16 should enjoy this well-written book. ©

Colonial Governor: Thomas Dongan of New York, by

J. G. E. Hopkins, and Cavalry Hero: Casimir Pulaski, by | Dorothy Adams (both Kenedy. $2.50), bring to life | two neglected Catholic heroes who, each in his own |

period, came to America to work, the one chiefly with

his mind and his pen, the other with his sword, for the |

welfare and freedom of the new land. For ages 10 to 15.

The saints are doing well in our current books. Rey, |

Harold C. Gardiner, S.J., has done full justice to a bril-

i BaD EIR! 15

liant and lovable English martyr in Edmund Campion: |

Hero of God's Underground (Farrar, Straus & Cudahy —Vision Books. $1.95). Here is a biography that reads as smoothly as a story and yet is solidly based on his- torical records. Song of the Dove, by Mary Fidelis Todd (Kenedy. $2.95), is the absorbing story of Saint Catherine Labouré, the humble French Sister of Charity who was entrusted by our Lady with the promulgation of the Miraculous Medal devotion. Louis de Wobhl’s Saint Joan: The Girl Soldier (Farrar, Straus & Cudahy —Vision Books. $1.95) is a gay and affectionate study with serious undertones which come to the front in the remarkably executed offstage climax. The Man Who Was Chosen, by Elise Lavelle (Whittlesey. $2.75), isa sympathetic life of a great and lovable man who may be declared a saint when he goes to God: Pope Pius XII. All the above biographies are designed for ages 9 to 14.

A good book with which to close is The Bible Story, by Catherine Beebe (Farrar, Straus & Cudahy—Vision Books. $1.95), a factual and connected history which takes us from the Fall of Adam down the centuries until God’s ancient promise is fulfilled through the coming of His Son. For ages 9 to 12.

America e JUNE 1, 1957

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1, 1957

BOOKS

Cross and Scrolls: The Past Made Living

THE DAY CHRIST DIED By Jim Bishop. Harper. 336p. $3.95

For close to two thousand years Chris- tians have devoutly meditated upon the passion and death of Christ. Starting from the Gospel record, these medita- tions often take the form of imaginative reconstructions which bring to life the characters of the drama, their motiva- tions, words and actions. In this book Jim Bishop sets down the results of his own meditation on the most dramatic day in history, beginning with the Last Supper and ending with the moment when Jesus was taken from the cross.

Adopting one of several possible chronologies, the author builds his nar- rative around an hour-by-hour account of the swiftly moving events between 6 P.M. on Holy Thursday and 4 P.M. on Good Friday. Jim Bishop used this technique successfully in The Day Lin- coln Was Shot, and there is no doubt that it adds vividness to the telling and even gives a sense of participation in the unfolding drama, as a good medi- tation should. For biblical quotations the author made a happy choice in using the fresh and vigorous Kleist-Lilly translation of the New Testament.

The narrative sequence is interrupted by three chapters which provide back- ground information on the Jewish world at the time of Christ, on the life of Jesus, and on the Roman Empire, whose long arm of power had reached out to Pales- tine and turned it into a frontier prov- ince. Whether the information they con- vey was worth the interruption is debatable but I believe that most read- ers will profit from this glimpse of life in first-century Palestine. A journey to the Holy Land, conversations with some of our best New Testament scholars, and consultation of standard works on the subject assisted the writer in as- sembling this background material.

Mr. Bishop leaves us in no doubt where he stands on the Person of Christ: He is no pallid humanitarian nor fleshless symbol of our better selves but the Second Person of the Holy Trin- ity, tue God and true man. Had a theologian undertaken this task he very likely would, in several places, have expressed the truth with greater pre- cision. But this remark is not meant to detract from the achievements of a

(Continued on p. 289)

America ¢ JUNE. 1, 1957

DISCOVERY IN THE JUDEAN DESERT By Geza Vermes. Desclee. 237p. $5

This is a translation of Fr, Vermés’ Les Manuscripts du Désert de Juda. The author is a young priest of the congre- gation of Our Lady of Sion, a scholar of great promise, with degrees in theol-

ogy and oriental languages from the >

University of Louvain. The first French edition of the book appeared in 1953, the second in 1954. It was widely recog- nized as one of the most exhaustive studies of the Scrolls, and is considered by some the best book on the subject. The appearance of the book in Eng- lish calls for special rejoicing among Catholics, for it gives them a distin- guished and competent survey of a question that has met with rather un- happy handling on the American scene. It would not be quite accurate to de- scribe the book as popular, though in

one sense it is that. It is also a work of real scholarship, and as such it will be of service to Scripture scholars as well as to the educated laity.

Chapter I retells the now-familiar story of the discovery of the Scrolls. Its particular significance is that it is up-to-date and includes a catalog, per- force provisory, listing the documents or fragments, the place of discovery, the purchaser, and editions of texts thus far published. The problem of dating is then discussed, with the author’s conclu- sion that the Qumran manuscripts be- long “within a period of some 200 years, beginning at about 150 B.C.”

Four chapters embrace the more scholarly and technical part of the work. They deal with such questions as the relation between the Damascus Docu- ment and the Manual of Discipline, the historical frame of the events referred to in the documents, the “Teacher of Righteousness.” In the section of Sup- plementary Notes he is described as a “new Moses.”

The second part of the book contains translations of the Qumran manuscripts, of the Damascus Document, and of a few smaller documents. Explanatory

GENERAL METAPHYSICS

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Xaverian Brothers invite young men of high-school and college age to a Religi- ous life dedicated to the Catholic classroom. For in- formation write: Brother Paul, C.F.X., Xaverian Col- lege. Box X, Silver Spring, Maryland.

288

footnotes accompany the translation. There is a map and eight plates, and fourteen pages of a carefully selected bibliography. This is a work of great value. It is a book to delight and excite the scholar with the thoroughness of its analysis, the discipline of its judgments and the precise measure of its conclusions. Un- fortunately the translation is marred by some solecisms in the first part of the book: upward class for upper class (p. 37, n. 19), Surveyor or Overseer (p. 39), restituted for restored (p. 46), postulate for postulancy (p. 47). Joun J. DouGHERTY

The Enigma of Alger Hiss

IN THE COURT OF PUBLIC OPINION By Alger Hiss. Knopf. 424p. $5

In the center of the courtroom during every day of Alger Hiss’ first and second trials there reposed Exhibit U.U.U.—a 1929 Woodstock typewriter, serial number 230,099. The jurors and the largest international audience of any trial in recent history may have had some doubts about the clashing stories of Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chambers. Nothing, however, could destroy the only inference possible from the fact that Chambers had in his possession 65 pages of secret Gov- ernment documents typed on the Wood- stock machine admittedly owned by the Hisses.

Even if one could concede every rejection of Chambers’ story which Hiss has made in this tedious and technical apologia, there remains the question: how did Chambers obtain some forty documents typed on Hiss’ Woodstock?

The question was shopworn long ago and Alger Hiss has done little to ex- plain its mystery or to gainsay its signifi- cance. Hiss’ appeal to the “court of public opinion” is but another partisan rewrite (with some additions) of the facts in De Toledano’s Seeds of Treason and Alistair Cooke’s A Generation on Trial.

Hiss, however, does have some new emphases and indicates hitherto unseen interstices and inconsistencies in Cham- bers’ and the prosecution’s version of the manner in which the “pumpkin papers” came into the possession of a quondam Communist agent. At its very best, how- ever, the new evidence shows only that the Government’s case was not airtight, that Hiss was trapped in a web of cir- cumstantial evidence and that minor mysteries remain.

One of the points Hiss elaborates at some length is the allegation that Cham-

bers duplicated the Woodstock type. writer and thereby forged the claggj. fied documents, Such a possibility has

BISH const and creat mani A ment views the L 1957 Mary. searcl fessor

been called a “Grimm fairy tale.” As | Hiss has expanded on it, the fairy tale © has not become any less improbable, ~

A respected American journalist has © written that “no one can lightly dismiss : so solemn a reaffirmation of innocence © as Alger Hiss has . . . made.” But one | can none the less—without unfairness ©

If her

Supp¢ conclt

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day o!

state that Hiss has failed to expldin | TI some rather important facts. For ex) ample, he testified before the House © Un-American Activities Committee that } Well, 1 the name of Chambers meant nothing § procee to him, though he had prior to this time | befrien been questioned about Chambers by |) from tl the FBI and by a grand jury. Hiss ness of account of how he came to identify } for the Chambers (alias George Crosley) is | inherently implausible. So also is Hiss } What \ version of his receiving the rug from} utterly Chambers and his withdrawal of $400} man. H from his account a few days prior to} one Pe: the date when Chambers alleged he |} were ur received it. 4 confuse One picks up Hiss’ book with the } Man, t hope that at last we may understand } made fl the razor-sharp mind and soul of Alger tery, H Hiss. But little in his book leads us} whom i to any comprehension of his philosophy } and Co or moral outlook. There is no expression ] rates. V of moral aversion to communism and 50 well, no suggestion of Hiss’ values. He argues] never, i his case on a strictly legal and technical 9 understa plane, a case which he lost once before | as we cé a jury, twice before a court of appeals No w and which was twice left undisturbed § tions ari by the highest court of the land. The about th court of public opinion is not likely to Possessec reverse these decisions. Enviable Rosert F. Drinav ome can. any pi Very Rev. Joun J. Doucuerty is thing. At professor of Sacred Scripture wisdom! at the Immaculate Conception | have you Seminary, Darlington, N. J. hast mad Rev. Rosert F. Drinan, sj, is the br dean of the Boston College Law "Saas int School, ae Rev. Freperick L. Moriarty, $j, jf 1S quest is dean of the Faculty of Theol- — and ogy at Weston College, Weston, an whe Mass. em to loaves anc America ® JUNE 1, 19% Americe

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ibility has

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RTY, S.J, } »f Theol- Weston,

E 1, 195

BISHOP (Continued from p. 287) conscientious journalist who, reverently and with deep faith, attempts to re- create the mystery of Christ’s supreme manifestation of love for us.

A recent development in New Testa- ment scholarship may force us to revise views long accepted about the date of the Last Supper. In the current (Spring 1957) issue of Theology Digest (St. Marys, Kansas, $2 per year), the re- search of Miss Jaubert, assistant pro- fessor at the Sorbonne, is summarized. If her theory on the date of the Last Supper is established, we shall have to conclude that Jesus and His disciples

’ celebrated this paschal meal on Tues-

day of Holy Week instead of Thursday. FreDERIcK L. Moriarty, S.J.

THE WORD

Well, when the truth-giving Spirit, who proceeds from the Father, has come to befriend you, he whom I will send you from the Father's side, he will bear wit- ness of what I was (John 15:26; Gospel for the Sunday after Ascension),

What was Christ? He was (and is) an utterly unique Being. He was truly a man. He was truly God. Yet-He was but one Person, and that divine, in whom were united two complete, distinct, un-

1 confused natures. Christ is the God-

Man, the Incarnate Word, the Word made flesh. He is a paradox, He is mys- tery, He is His unparalleled self, with whom it is absurd to compare Moses and Confucius and Buddha and_Soc- rates. We can know the Lord Christ so well, so tenderly well; and we can never, in this valley of tears, quite understand Him. What matter, so long as we can love Him?

No wonder, then, that baflling ques- tions arise when we begin to speculate about the knowledge which our Saviour possessed when He walked among us. Enviable indeed is the Christian child who cannot even see why there should be any problem: “But God knows every- thing. And our Lord was God.” Happy wisdom! Yes, Jesus said to them, but have you never read the words, Thou hast made the lips of children, of infants at the breast, vocal with praise?

Yet into the mature Christian mind there must sometimes wander perplex- Ing questions. Did Mary teach Jesus to walk and talk? Did she have to correct Him when He made mistakes? Did Christ really have to ask how many loaves and fishes that boy had, and ex-

America ¢ JUNE 1, 1957

ee is de ecm

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Brown Scapular Rosary Color Book

Easter Color Book God’s Color Book

Way of the Cross SUPER-SIZE (40 drawings) 50¢

Antonietta tells in very simple text the story of a saintly crippled child, born in Rome, 1930. She died of cancer in 1937.

Order by title. Keep a supply on hand for giving to the children as party favors, birthday gifts, or to take along on auto, train, and plane trips. At Your Bookstore or from

GRAIL PUBLICATIONS ROOM 1, ST. MEINRAD, IND.

289

LE MOYNE HEIGHTS SYRACUSE 3, NEW YORK

A co-educational college located in the center of the Empire State. Named after Simon Le Moyne, S.J., first Jesuit missioner and teacher in Central New York, the

college has 72 Jesuit and lay teachers on the faculty.

——JESUIT COLLEGES ‘and UNIVERSITIES

i IN THE UNITED STATES

For information about the facilities of individual Jesuit colleges and universities, write or phone to the Director of Admissions of the institutions in which you may be interested.

ALABAMA Departments Spring Hill Coll. (Mobile)..LAS-C-Ed-N-Se-AROTC CALIFORNIA

Loyola U. (Los Angeles) ..LAS-C-E-Ed-G-L-AFROTC

Univ. of San Francises . se-C-Ed-G-N-L-8y-AROTC

Univ. of Santa Clara.......... LAS-C-E-L-Sy-AROTC COLORADO Regis Coll. (Demver)...........++--+++eee00+ LAS-Sy CONNECTICUT Fairfield Univ. ..........--ceeeceeeceeseeeeee LAS-G ILLINOIS

la Univ. (Chicago) ace LAS.C-D-Ed-G-IR-L-M-N-S-Se-Sy-Sp-AROTC LOUISIANA Loyola U. (New Orleans)....LAS-C-D-Ed-G-L-N-P-Sy MARYLAND Loyola Coll. (Baltimore)...........--- LAS-G-AROTC MASSACHUSETTS

. (Chestnut Hill Boston Coll. (Chestnut Hi ) o-Ed-G-L-N-8-8y-AROTC Holy Cross Coll. (Worcester). LAS-G-NROTC-AFROTC

MICHIGAN

iv. Detroit 77 AS C_D-E-G-IR-J-L-Se-Sp-AROTC-AFROTC

MISSOURI Rockhurst Coll. (Kansas BUY) civic, weccvesccre LAS-C

. is Univ. ™ Louls\S-C.D-E-Ed-G-L-M-N-S-Se-Sp-Sy-AF ROTC

NEBRASKA Departments

The Creighton Univ. (Omaha) LAS-C-D-Ed-G-J-L-M-N-P-Se-Sp-AROTC

NEW JERSEY

St. Peter’s Coll. (Jersey City)........ LAS-C-AROTC

NEW YORK

Canisius Coll. (Buffalo)...... LAS-C-Ed-G-Sy-AROTC

Fordham Univ. (New York) LAS-C-Ed-G-J-L-P-S-Sy-Sp-AROTC-AFROTC

Le Moyne College (Syracuse).............. LAS-C-IR

OHIO

John Carroll Univ. (Cleveland) ...LAS-C-G-Sy-AROTC

Xavier Univ. (Cincinnati)....... LAS-C-G-Sy-AROTC

PENNSYLVANIA

(Philadelphia) ....LAS-C-AFROTC

St. Joseph’s Coll. LAS-G-AROTC

University of Seranton................

WASHINGTON

Gonzaga Univ. (Spokane) LAS-C-Ed-E-G-L-N-Sy-AROTC

Seattle Univ. ............. LAS-C-Ed-E-G-N-AROTC

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Georgetown Univ. LAS-D-FS-G-L-M-N-Sy-AROTC-AF ROTC

W. VIRGINIA

MITTENS Snchecceccidcisinvsciteuseses. ent LAS

WISCONSIN

Marquette Univ. (Milwaukee) LAS-C-D-E-Ed-G-J-L-M-N-Sy-Sp-AROTC-NROTC

KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS:

LAS Liberal Arts and FS Foreign Service Sciences G Graduate School

IR Industrial Relations

D Dentistry E Engineering J Journalism Ed Education L Law

290

39 M Medicine Sp Speech N Nursing Sy yroany A —., P Pharmacy cers Training Corps AROTC—Army S Social Work NROTC—Navy Se Science AFROTC—Air Force

actly where Lazarus was buried? Do

| not all such questions come oddly from

Him of whom we read, in connection with those who challenged Him, He knew their secret thoughts?

That our Saviour, who is a divine

| Person, had divine knowledge—that is,

the infinite wisdom proper to God- stands beyond dispute. It is the question of our Lord’s human knowledge that is thorny. The psychological problem of explaining even normal and ordinary thought-processes is difficult enough. And we simply must not expect, nor should we dare, to psychologize the Incarnate Word.

Christ our Lord possessed three dis- tinct kinds of human knowledge. It involves no contradiction to say that He frequently knew the same thing in three different ways.

First, Christ knew Himself perfectly, and He was God. That is to say, our Redeemer, from the first moment of His conception, possessed in His human soul the fulness of the Beatific Vision,

unutterable Vision. In this sense our Lord saw and knew all things, without exception, in God.

Next, Christ, the second Adam, most surely possessed the perfection of that

special knowledge—it is called infused- |

which God directly imparted to the intelligence of the first Adam, This knowledge, which is both limpidly clear and completely effortless, is the kind of instant, incisive knowledge that is given to the angels, and must therefore belong in perfection to the King of the angels, Finally, our Saviour possessed that human knowledge which is termed er- perimental. But this touching and fas- cinating aspect of the matter must be

discussed in its own right. VINCENT P. McCorry, 5.

TELEVISION

Three comedians who once were among the best-known and highest-salaried of television’s stars have run into trouble this season. Two of them, Jackie Gleason and Sid Caesar, have no definite plans for TV next year. The third, George Gobel, will share billing with a singer, Eddie Fisher.

The decline in the fortunes of the

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THIS WILL BE THE HIGH SPOT OF YOUR

Québec TRIP

The Rocher Percé of Gaspé is only one of countless beauty spots that ‘you will enjoy on your holiday in historic,

picturesque, romantic,

Province de Québec.

For road maps and helpful information, write — Provincial Publicity Bureau, Parliament Buildings, Quebec City, Canada; or 48 Rockefeller Plaza,

New York 20, N. Y.

TO AUTHORS

e seeking a publisher

Send for our illustrated. booklet titled To the Author in Search of a Publisher. Tells how we can ;publish, promote and distribute your book, as we have done for hundreds of others. All subjects. New authors welcome. Write today for Booklet C.A. It’s free

VANTAGE PRESS, 120 W. 3ist St., New York 1 (n California: 6253 Hollywood Blvd., Hollywood 28

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America e JUNE 1, 1957

comics bears out the prophecies of doom

| that have been uttered many times since | TV became a national institution. The

most talented of funnymen, it has been said, cannot be expected to retain popu- larity indefinitely when required to per- form on a network show each week for an hour, or even a half-hour.

The situation in which Sid Caesar found himself was a novel one. Though during the past season his NBC program was often less popular than competing shows on rival networks—Lawrence Welk on ABC and “The Gale Storm Show” and “Hey, Jeannie,” on CBS— Mr. Caesar and others on his program won a series of “Emmy” awards for their work.

Sponsors were more inclined, how- ever, to consider ratings and costs. The weekly budget for “Caesar's Hour” has been reported to exceed $110,000. The network, unable to secure sponsors for a weekly Caesar program next year, sug- gested that the star limit his activities to a minimum of two and perhaps as many as four special shows.

This proposal did not appeal to Mr. Caesar, who sought assurance that he would be starred in 20 one-hour shows between next fall and the spring of 1958. When the network declined to commit itself to such an arrangement, Mr. Caesar took advantage of a provision in his contract with NBC that enabled him to withdraw if full-time work were not guaranteed.

The contract had seven more years to run, It guaranteed Mr. Caesar an income of about $100,000 a year, But the star prefers to work elsewhere on his own terms.

Jackie Gleason’s departure from his Saturday-night series on CBS is another story. A versatile man, who has done dramatic roles and conducted and com- posed music, Mr. Gleason has long found his weekly TV show a chore. Last year he turned to film in an effort to prepare his programs more conveniently and without the pressure that is part of a live production. The filmed shows— half-hour “Honeymooners” sketches— were not well received.

Meanwhile, Perry Como was gaining in popularity as a competing attraction on NBC, As the current season neared its end, the word was passed unofficially that Jackie was becoming bored. It came as no shock when it was announced that he would not be returning in the fall.

George Gobel, whose low-pressure comedy was hailed by many reviewers as a refreshing departure from much of the raucous nonsense current on TV when he arrived several seasons ago, has also been feeling the effects of

BOOKS FOR YOUNG READERS SPRING 1957 fy

The Shining Road

By DOROTHY SCOFIELD. A summer of surprises and Elinor finds what to do with her life. Ages 12-16. $2.75

Conquer the Winds

By ERNIE RYDBERG. On glider wings Rocky finds himself. Ages 12-16.

New Dreams for Old

By TOM PERSON. Caroline, suddenly in charge of the cotton farm in the Delta, learns to mingle old and new.

Ages 12-16. $2.75

Wan-Fu: TEN THOUSAND HAPPINESSES By ALICE MARGARET HUGGINS and HUGH L. ROBINSON. A North China

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The Listening Post

By MARION BARRETT OBERMEYER. Dan Burnett’s adventures tell the excit- ing story of the early days of radio.

Ages 12-16. $3.00

Julie’s Heritage

By CATHERINE MARSHALL. Her own in- tegrity eventually brings a Negro girl friends in high school.

Ages 12-16. $3.00

Spitzee Anota By D. R. KING. Young Ted, after cap- ture by Indians, escapes and wins them back to friendliness. Ages 12-16, $3.25

Wings over Labrador

By JACK HAMBLETON. A story of an airlift operation into the wilderness of Labrador. Ages 12-16. $3.00

Green as Spring

By ROSALYS HASKELL HALL. A warm- hearted story of the joys and sor- rows of growing up.

Ages 12-16. $3.00

Anna Sewell and Black Beauty

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Ages 10-14. $2.50

At all bookstores

LONGMANS, GREEN AND COMPANY 55 Fifth Ave., N.Y. 3

$2.75

291

e olices 20 cents per word Payment with order

ABERRANT, IMMORAL OR UNCON- SCIOUS MOTIVATION? For a Thomistic explanation of mental illness, read “The Moral Theory of Behavior” by Dr. Frank R. Barta, Professor of Psychiatry, The Creighton University School of Medicine, Two dollars at your local bookstore or from Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, Illinois.

CATHOLIC BIRTH ANNOUNCEMENTS. Attractive. Original. Samples. Robb and Catherine Beebe Studio, Box 172. Ridge- wood. New Jersey.

HELP NEW JERSEY'S BOYSTOWN. Sub- scribe to The Sacred Heart Union Maga- zine, published quarterly in the interest of New Jersey’s Boystown. $1.00 a year. Write to Father Egan, New Jersey’s Boystown, Kearny, N. J

IRISH BOOKS. Belleek China, Linens, Celtic Crosses, Rosaries, Cards, etc. Write for Catalog. Irish Industries Depot, Inc., 876 Lexington Ave.. New York 21. N. Y.

JESUIT HOME MISSION. My hope—a school to plant the Catholic tradition. Small contributions are precious and wel- come. Rev. John Risacher. $.J.. Holy Cross Mission. Durham. North Carolina.

LINENS—NEW CREASE-RESISTING ALB LINEN and other beautiful linens by the yard. Also Hand Embroidered, imported, Altar Linens made to your specifications. Write for illustrated Brochure. Mary Moore —Box 394 M—Davenport. Iowa.

MISSIONARY PRIEST struggling to build little chapel in Darlington. S. C. Popula- tion 15,000; Catholics 21. Please help! Rev. Louis R. Williamson. St. Mary’s Parish, Hartsville. South Carolina.

AMERICA’S ASSOCIATES 70 E. 45th St., New York 17, N. Y.

. Tenew

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meas an Associate for 1 vear.

( Sustaining, $25 or more ( Charter, $100 or more . . . Check attached . . . Bill me

(Please make checks payable to AMERICA’S ASSOCIATES)

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AMERICA’S ASSOCIATES receive AMERICA, National Catholic Weekly Review. $8 of your mem- bership pays for a one-year subscription now. or a one-year extension if you are already a subscriber. The balance will be used to improve our editorial facilities, a report of which will be sent to you from time to time.

292

competition. He has been contending with the CBS Western series “Gun- smoke” and the ABC “Ozark Jubilee,” a country music program,

Next season Mr. Gobel will be seen on Tuesday evenings on NBC. The pro- grams will last an hour, instead of the half-hour previously allotted to him. But each of the new shows will co-star Eddie Fisher. The plans are to present the program alternately as “The George Gobel Show” and “The Eddie Fisher Show.”

The hazards involved in regular television appearances have made some comedians wary of the medium. Danny Kaye has said that he will try TV only for special presentations—such as_his filmed world tour last year on behalf of the United Nations Children’s Fund.

Lou Holtz, a star of the stage and night clubs for many years, emerged from retirement recently for an appear- ance on the Ed Sullivan Show. Mr. Holtz wants to proceed cautiously, however. He thinks that five shows a year on TV are enough for any comic. Recent events would seem to prove that he knows his business. J. P. SHANLEY

FILMS

DESK SET (20th Century-Fox) started out as a Broadway stage comedy, which, the critics agreed, was not much of a comedy though it had the undeniable advantage of having Miss Shirley Booth in the leading role. The stylishly turned out color-and-CinemaScope movie ver- sion has no more substance than the original. It has, however, some notable advantages of its own in the shape of Miss Katherine Hepburn in the leading role (with Spencer Tracy thrown in for good measure opposite her) and some literate and entertaining comedy rewrit- ing by Phoebe and Henry Ephron. The result is highly diverting, even though the story is slight and the situations, as often as not, are on the hackneyed side,

What plot there is has to do with a giant electronic brain being installed in the research department of a broad- casting network. Not unnaturally, and with an assist from the office grape- vine, the ladies of research and refer- ence (headed by Miss Hepburn) jump to the conclusion that automation is about to deprive them of their jobs. Before this misapprehension is cleared up, the heroine has shown that she har- bors no hard feelings by switching romantic allegiance from her boss (Gig

Young) to the Methods Engineer (Tracy) who invented the infernal “brain.” Furthermore, the machine has demonstrated that it is more neurotic and temperamental than humans.

The jokes range from familiar ones about TV and office politics to quips culled from such fresh and fertile sources as‘ automation and the work. ings of the human brain. Under Walter Lang’s direction, the cast delivers them with a flourish and even enlivens such stock situations as the office party where everyone gets a little drunk, and the plight of the two principals caught perfectly innocently in what looks from the outside like a highly compromising position. [L of D: A IT]

JOE BUTTERFLY (Universal). Bu- gess Meredith, one of the Sakinis of the stage version of The Teahouse of the August Moon, would probably have been very happy to play the role on the screen. Since that eventuality failed to materialize, he settled for the next. best thing: the part of a rather similar philosophical and genially _larcenous Oriental named Joe Butterfly.

Joe is Japanese and the self-appointed

factotum of the editors of Yank maga. |

zine (Audie Murphy, George Nader, etc.), who are faced with the seemingly impossible task of getting out an issue about the surrender of Japan in three days without an office or a_ printing press. The ensuing scramble and plot complications are respectful of no one’s feelings—least of all those of generals, or of the war correspondent (Keenan Wynn) of a staggeringly influential national magazine. Everything is a little too frantic and unresolved for comfort. But by: and large the picture is good, iconoclastic fun. [L of D: A II]

GUN FIGHT AT THE O.K. CORRAL (Paramount) is probably the definitive screen account of how Marshall Wyatt Earp (Burt Lancaster) and his brothers, with the unorthodox assistance of con- sumptive gambler-outlaw Doc Holliday (Kirk Douglas), cleaned up Tombstone, Arizona. The Technicolor scenery is distractingly beautiful, but otherwise the mood of John Sturges’ direction is realtistic, even sordid. The _ladies- Wyatt’s fiancée (Rhonda Fleming) and Doc’s mistress (Jo Van Fleet) —get short shrift and there are no fancy trappings on the cowboy outfits. The picture runs too long but its cumulative tension and feeling for the period bespeak an out- of-the-ordinary Western; the gunfight of the title furnishes a stunningly staged climax. [L of D: B] Moira WALSH

America e¢ JUNE 1, 195

Distri

JUNI

Directes Saint-M accredit terminal tarial. year cc adjoinin tural ad dent, dz Catalog.

Registr:

Indiar )

Full

Conducte Courses

Arts, Bac Bachelor professiot Departme

SAINT N

St. Mi

Liberal _ / accredited B.F.A. de ments, inc economics, Elementar Extensive

Conduct Box 77, §

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Marylar

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iliar ones to quips id fertile he work. er Walter vers them vens such ty where _ and the ls caught ooks from promising

sal). Bur- Sakinis of ahouse of ably have e role on lity failed the next- er similar larcenous

appointed nk maga- se Nader, seemingly t an issue 1 in three 1 printing and plot f no one’s - generals,

(Keenan influential y is a little r comfort. > is good, II]

CORRAL definitive all Wyatt ; brothers, xe of con- : Holliday ombstone, cenery is otherwise irection is > Jadies- ning) and get short trappings cture ruts nsion and 1k an out » gunfight gly staged nA WALSH 1, 1957

Schools and Colleges

District of Columbia

Immaculata

JUNIOR COLLEGE

irected by the Sisters of Providence of Diret Aary_of-the- Woods, Indiana. Fully accredited. Two-year college transfer with terminal courses in home economics, secre- tarial. Art. Music (including harp). Four- year college preparatory high school on adjoining campus. Social, educational and _cul- tural advantages of Nation’s Capital. Resi- dent, day. Please state age, grade in school. Catalog.

Registrar, Dept. R Washington 16, D. C.

Indiana )

' SAINT MARY'S NOTRE DAME

Fully accredited liberal arts college or women. Conducted by the Sisters of the Holy Cross

Courses leading to degrees of Bachelor cf Arts, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Music, Bachelor of Fine Arts, Academic and basic professional courses in Nursing. Graduate Department of Sacred Theology.

Catalogs on request SAINT MARY’S COLLEGE, BOX L NOTRE DAME, INDIANA

St. Mary-Of-The-Woods College

Liberal Arts College for Women. Fully accredited. Courses leading to B.A., S., -F.A. degrees. Majors in twenty depart- ments, including music. art, journalism, home economics, speech and drama, secretarial. Elementary and secondary teacher training. Extensive campus.

Conducted by the Sisters of Providence Box 77, Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Ind. _(Four miles west of Terre Haute)

Maryland

COLLEGE OF NOTRE DAME OF MARYLAND

BALTIMORE 10, MARYLAND

Conducted by the School Sisters of Notre Dame

FULLY ACCREDITED

Program leading to A.B. degree Arts and Sciences Teacher Training Pre-Medical

For catalog and further information address the Director of Admissions

; CRANWELL=~—

Massachusetts

A Jesuit School for Boys Grades 8-12 Outstanding academic and spiritual training under Jesuit Fathers. Excellent college record. Ideally located on 400 acre estate in heart of Berkshires. All modern equipment, spacious gymnasium and dining hall. New classroom and science building. New student residence. Private golf course. Complete sports program. Skiing. Elevation 1250’. For catalog write Rev. D. AUGUSTINE KEANE, S.J. Cranwell School, 426 Lee Road, Lenox, Mass.

Michigan SIENA HEIGHTS COLLEGE

ADRIAN, MICHIGAN Accredited Catholic College

for Women Conducted by Sisters of St. Dominic

Bachelor degrees in Arts, Science and Music Graduate Department confers Master of Fine Arts degree Beautiful buildings

Interesting campus life

Ideal accommodations for

Sister students

ADDRESS THE DEAN

New Jersev

Caldwell College

FOR WOMEN Caldwell, New Jersey

FULLY ACCREDITED

Conducted by the Sisters of St. Dominic A.B. and B.S. Degrees Teacher and Secretarial Training

New York GOOD COUNSEL COLLEGE

WHITE PLAINS Westchester County, New York Conducted by the Sisters of The Divine Compassion FULLY ACCREDITED B.A. and B.S. degrees. Standard courses in Arts and Sciences,- pre-medical, journalism teacher training, secretarial studies, fine arts. Beautiful location. Extensive campus.

Fortv Minutes From New York City

New York MARYMOUNT COLLEGE

TARRYTOWN-ON-HUDSON, NEW YORE

Conducted by the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary. Accredited Liberal. Arts. Confers A.B., B.S. Degrees, Pre-Medical. Secretarial, Home Economics, Art, Music, Pedagogy, Journalism. Dramatics. Directed field trips in all departments. Athletics. CITY BRANCH: 221 East 71st Street, New York,NY. '

Also in Quebec City, Canada, Paris and Rome. Address Secretary.

Marymount Preparatory Schools: Wilson Park, Tarrytown, N. Y.; Fifth Ave. and 84th St. New York, N. Y. Address Rever- end Mother.

LA SALLE

Military Academy

Foremost Catholic military pre- paratory school under Christian Brothers. Accredited college prep- aration. Grades 8-12. Smali classes. ROTC highest rating. Beautiful 160-acre campus on Great South Bay. 74th year Write for Catalog

Box T, Oakdale, L. |.. New York

Pennsylvania

CABRINI COLLEGE

RADNOR, PENNSYLVANIA Thirty minutes from Philadelphia

A CATHOLIC INSTITUTION FOR THE HIGHER EDUCATION OF WOMEN

Day and Resident Students

Conducted by the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Beautiful building and extensive campus bordering Philadel- phia’s Main Line. For catalogue,- address: The Registrar, Cabrini College, Radnor, Pa.

IMMACULATA COLLEGE

Accredited liberal arts college for women.

.A., B.S., B.Mus. degrees. Science, music, business, home economics, teacher training; pre-med., pre-law. Stimulating social and sports program. Dramatic and musical pro- ductions with nearby men’s colleges. Cheer- ful, homelike atmosphere. 350-acre campus near Phila. overlooking beautiful Chester Valley. New residence hall, liberal arts building. Pool. Lake for swimming and canoeing. Farm and dairy. Conducted by the Sisters of the Immacuate Heart of Mary. Early application advised. Catalog: Registrar, Box A, Immaculate College, Immaculata, Pa.

MARYWOOD COLLEGE

Accredited Catholic college for women, B.A., B.S., B.M., M.S. degrees. Multimillion dollar expansion program. Liberal arts, vocational, home economics, music (NASM <Ace.), art, secretarial. teaching (elementary, .second- ary), librarianship, drama, psychology, social service, science. medical technology. Clubs, publications. sports. Conducted’ by the Sis- ters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary. Catalog.

REGISTRAR, MARYWOOD COLLEGE BOX A, SCRANTON, PA.

America

National Catholic Weekly Review

Vol. XCVII No. 9 Whole Number 2507

CONTENTS

Gurrent' Comment... ...-..-2..5.%+ 274 Washington Front ... Wilfrid Parsons 277 Underscorings .K. 277 Editorials 278 Articles

NODAL, States its Case.<s:cso%%... 280 Msgr. Thomas J. Fitzgerald

anmelden. .55 cok ss. 2BS Richard M. McKeon

Choice for Children ............ 284 Ethna Sheehan

Book meviews 2 2.. Geeice eis 287 The Word. .Vincent P. McCorry, S.J. 289 Cn ee Arr J. P. Shanley 290 Films ..............--.Moira Walsh 292

America-Edited and publishgd by the fol- lowing Jesuit Fat! nited States : ttor-in-Chief: TuHurston N. Davis Managing Editor: Eucene K. CULHANE Literary Editor: Harotp C. GARDINER Feature Editor: CuHartes KEENAN Associate Editors:

@ Joun LaFarce, BENJAMIN L. see A

oe S. KEARNEY, Rosert A. GRAHAM, . Ne G. McCiuskey @

"Coarespomiin Editors — WasHINGTON: WiyFRID Par$ ons, Ho Ac{O DE Lg Costa, JAMEs L. nny Boston :*Rospert Fe es Detroit: ALLAN FARRELL; MOBILE:

ORLEANS: HarcLo, L. Coofpa; New York: VIN- CENT P. McCorry;° San pom test Ricwarp E. MutcanHy; Frisourc: Le UGM; JAKARTA: 33 HAARSELHORST; Faw hy JAMES PRICK ; OxrorD: Paut CRANE; piesa S. Layo

Editorial Office: ° ai

329 W. 108TH STREET, NEw Teen “28. yN, Y.

Business Office: ee,

70 E. 45ruH Street, New YorK 17, N. Y.

Business Manager and Treasurer: JosepH F. MAcFARLANE

Circulation Manager: Patrick H. CoLtins Advertising through: CATHOLIC MAGAZINE REPRESENTATIVES _Granp CENTRAL TERMINAL BLpG. New York 17, N. Y.

America. Published weekly by: the America Press at 116 Main Street, Norwalk, Conn. Executive Office, 70 East "45th Street, New York 17, N. Y., Telephone MUrray Hill 6-5750. Cable address: Cathreview, N. Y. Domestic, yearly, $8; 20 cents a copy. Can- ada, $9; 20 cents a copy. Foreign, $9.50; 20 cents a copy. Entered as second-class matter April 17, 1951, at the Post Office at Norwalk, Conn., under ‘the act of March 3, 1879. te +, AMERICA, National Catholic Week- ‘e ly Review. Registered U. S. Patent '2 Office. Indexed in Readers’ Guide

° ” to Periodical Literature.

foes

AepRick H. YANcEY; New ’*,

So Much — Every Week

How is America able to cover so much? Present sound views on so many subjects? Come up with background information on so many parts of the world? Analyze accurately so many diversified areas 9f human activity?

The Staff is an unusual group of priest-editors. Besides the intensiy training all priests receive and in addition to the long and specialized training Jesuits are given, the editors on the Staff of AMEnrica, as a group, have also been given opportunities for foreign travel and special studies to fit them better for their task as journalists. Here ay a few indications of their diverse backgrounds:

Rev. Tuurston N. Davis, s.J., of Louisville, Kentucky; New York Province of the Jesuits. Further studies: Georgetown, Harvard, one year in Europe. Special field: History of Philosophy. :

Rev. EuGENE K. CULHANE, s.J.; born New York City; New Yor Province. Further studies: Isle of Jersey; Fordham Uniy Special field: Languages.

Rev. Haroip C. Garpiner, s.J.; born Washington, D. C.;

land Province. Further studies: Cambridge University, Engl Belgium. Special field: English Literature.

Rev. CHARLES KEENAN, 8.J.; born Belfast, Ireland; Oregon Proy ince. Further studies: Oxford University, England. Special fie English Language and Literature.

Rev. BENJAMIN L. Massg, s.J.; born Green Bay, Wisconsin; Wis consin Province. Further studies: Montreal, Canada; Columbia University; one year in Europe. Special fields: Economics and Industrial Relations.

Rev. Ropert A. GRAHAM, S.J.; born Sacramento, California; ca fornia Province. Further studies: Switzerland and France. Special fields: the UN and the Vatican.

Re ae Rev. New G. McC.uskey, s.J.; born Seattle, Washington; 0 " Province. Further studies: Switzerland; France; Teachers oflese| Columbia University. Special field: Education. = Rev. ViNcENT S. KEARNEY;:S.J.; born New York City; New a Province. Further studies:, Egypt; .three years in Middle East an

Far East. Special fields: Middle’ East and Far East. e

Rev. Joun LaF arce, s.J.; bor Newport,Rhode Island; New Yor

Province. Further studies: Harvard; Inrisbruck, Austria. Speci cial fields: Liturgy, Art, Race Relations. S

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